Tras la pandemia de la COVID-19 se empezó a potenciar el proceso de virtualización de contenidos de aprendizaje, que ha dado lugar al desarrollo de materiales audiovisuales de apoyo a la docencia. Estos materiales son a menudo vídeos de duración variable diseñados para complementar las estrategias tradicionales de formación y facilitar la adquisición de algunos contenidos de la materia curricular. El presente trabajo presenta una experiencia colaborativa entre docentes para la introducción de materiales audiovisuales como recursos para la educación universitaria (...) de asignaturas de matemáticas básicas en cinco Grados de distintas ingenierías de la Universidad de Cantabria. (shrink)

Este artículo realiza un análisis léxico-semántico de la terminología irreligiosa en la literatura griega. Se ha seleccionado un término clave y un autor relevante a fin de ilustrar la importancia del fenómeno irreligioso en la sociedad de Época Clásica. El adjetivo ὅσιος describe el respeto religioso en acciones y actitudes hacia las divinidades y también hacia otros seres humanos. Sófocles usa la forma privativa ἀνόσιος en contextos donde falta ese respeto religioso, con consecuencias negativas para la polis.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, now a global health crisis, has surprised health authorities around the world. Recent studies suggest that the measures taken to curb the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak have generated issues throughout the population. Thus, it is necessary to establish and identify the possible risk factors related to the psychosocial and psychophysiological strain during the COVID-19 outbreak. The present extensive literature review assesses the social, psychological, and physiological consequences of COVID-19, reviewing the impact of quarantine measures, (...) isolation, vast human loss, social and financial consequences in the family’s economies, and its impact on the psychological health of the population. We also discussed the effect of psychophysiological factors, considering the impact of physical inactivity and modifications in nutritional habits, at psychological and physiological levels. The present review includes an actualized to date bibliography, articles for which were methodologically analyzed to verify they met the standards of quality and scientific accuracy. Authors understand the pandemic as a multifactorial event for which only a profound and extensive analysis would lead to better compression and efficient intervention in the near future. (shrink)

This study analyzes the interests of Spanish audiences in travel magazines within the current context of press consumption. The objectives are to identify the readers' reading frequency and reasons for reading, what contents interest them, and what aspects of the photographs attract them. The methodology involves a structured questionnaire completed by a representative sample of the Spanish population (n=1000). The main results reveal a low reading frequency, great interest in practical information, preference for landscape photography (over the age of 54) (...) and nightlife photography (young people), and indifference regarding the journalistic source of the images. These data provide relevant information on which to adapt travel magazines' content strategy. (shrink)

The objective structured clinical examination is a method for assessment clinical competencies and skills. However, there is a need to improve its design in psychology programs. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the different scenario's presentation order with different complexity/difficulty on the autonomic stress response of undergraduate students undergoing a Psychology OSCE. A total of 32 students of Psychology Bachelor's Degree were randomly selected and assigned to two OSCE scenarios of different complexity. While undergoing the (...) scenarios, participants heart rate variability was analyzed as an indicator of participant's stress autonomic response. Results indicate that the order of presentation of different complexity/difficulty scenarios affects the autonomic stress response of undergraduate Psychology students undergoing an OSCE. Students who underwent the high-complexity scenario first, reported significantly higher autonomic stress response than students who began the OSCE with the low-complexity scenario. Highly complex or difficult scenarios require good executive functions or cognitive control, very sensitive to autonomic stress responses. Therefore, OSCE design will benefit from placing easy scenarios first. (shrink)

System analyses deal with interrelationships between different variables that keep the system in balance. In many analysis of complex thinking, a system is viewed as a complex unit in which the ‘whole’ is not reduced to the ‘sum’ of its parts; the system becomes an ambiguous item because it consists of several entities that interact with unforeseen results or, in other words, it is situated at a transdisciplinary level, it is impossible for an area to have a complete reading of (...) its complexity. It was also mentioned that the concept of the open system best describes complexity by stating that ‘the laws of the organization are not equilibrium, but an imbalance that is restored or compensated for by stabilized dynamics’. This idea originated from the field of thermodynamics and the second law, in which the imbalance that it maintains allows the system for an apparent balance. This fragile steady state has something of a paradox, since the structures remain the same, but their constituents are changeable. The concept of open system undoes the door to a theory of evolution that can only derive from the interactions between a system and its ecosystem. Within this systemic approach, the focus of the analysis takes into account the ambiguity, multidisciplinary and complexity associated with system adjustment, i.e. it is intended to qualify an employee job based on their experience and knowledge as a measure of their impact on the organization performance. (shrink)

The question of whether the entrepreneur is born or made, forces us to respond that the entrepreneurial culture clearly breaks with the myth that entrepreneurs are born. Currently, it is considered that entrepreneurial skills can be acquired like any other discipline and that is why it should be taught. Their teaching and learning are key to the well-being of the teacher and to the positive achievement of the students. The entrepreneurial culture is an educational objective of developed societies and has (...) its origin in the business culture. There are two current models, American and European. The one that develops in the Extremadura region, based on the European model, tries to create a vital state in the participating students that enhances competences such as creativity, personal initiative or self-confidence, elements that try to generate a true motivation to undertake. The motivated, accomplished and positive teacher contributes to that achievement and achieving it favors the well-being of teachers. It’s a round trip. It is a “do ut des.” In our research, we evaluated four entrepreneurial culture programs in the classroom: “Junioremprende,” “Teenemprende,” “Experemprende,” and “Youthemprende.” The teachers involved in the programs are 356, and the valid questionnaires are 154. The students enrolled in the programs are 4800, and the questionnaires valid 1198. In the questionnaire, one of the key questions is “general teacher satisfaction,” with 17 common questions for all the programs. An essential question posed is: “I am satisfied with the achievements obtained by my students to participate in the program” The results of our research, according to a seven-point Likert scale, gives a very high degree of teachers’ satisfaction. Their satisfaction was centered on the perception of their teachings are conducive to the achievement of his students. The degree of teacher satisfaction for each of the programs and significantly means differences were found with Junior program resulted the more satisfied for teachers. For students, participation in the programs resulted in high development of entrepreneurial competencies. Similarly to teachers results, Junior program was found more significant in developing students’ entrepreneurial competencies indicating that entrepreneurial education is very appropriate for children. Findings of this study suggest that entrepreneurial education should be encouraged for students at every stage of education. (shrink)

Si bien hubo grandes pensadores a lo largo de la historia que hicieron referencia al concepto de «terror» (Kant y lo sublime, Hegel y el terror posrevolucionario francés, Heidegger y la significación ontológica del término, o la aproximación del psicoanálisis a lo siniestro), escasean aún los estudios vinculados a esta temática y los pocos que existen carecen de la profundidad adecuada para tratar este fenómeno. La presente edición cuenta con una serie de textos escritos por reconocidos especialistas (Vicente Serrano, (...) Antonio Castilla, Arturo Leyte, Miguel Morey, Mauricio Mancilla Muñoz, Ana Carrasco Conde, Jorge Fernández Gonzalo y Enrique Lynch) que nos permitirán adentrarnos de lleno en el tema del terror y sus principales vinculaciones con la filosofía, el psicoanálisis, la literatura y la sociedad en general. ¿Qué es el terror? ¿Cómo interpretarlo? ¿Cómo se representa en la literatura y el cine? ¿Cuál es, realmente, su función política? La filosofía, el terror y lo siniestro nos da la llave para acceder a estas y a otras cuestiones y abre vías de reflexión que resultan de vital importancia para comprender los resortes que operan detrás de nuestra sociedad contemporánea. (shrink)

Resumen. La congregación fundada por Vicente de Paúl y Luisa de Marillac ha estado ligada al cuidado y, por su formación y método de trabajo, pueden ser consideradas como pioneras de los cuidados de enfermería, ya que su objetivo ha sido y es cubrir las necesidades básicas de la persona, teoría que postularía en 1960 Virginia Henderson. En este trabajo se pretende dar a conocer cómo las Hijas de la Caridad han estado ligadas al cuidado de la salud desde (...) sus inicios y la labor socio sanitaria que durante casi 150 años lleva prestando en Zaragoza la Casa de Amparo. Desde su inauguración el 5 de marzo de 1871, y gracias al apoyo económico del Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza, esta Institución proporciona asilo y cuidados a toda persona mayor que carece de recursos necesarios. Desde el primer momento se encargaron de ello las Hijas de la Caridad que, sin apenas recursos ni conocimientos, cuidaron de los asilados. Con el paso del tiempo, estos cuidados han ido evolucionando y profesionalizándose hasta que, en la actualidad, están siendo procurados por personal sanitario especializado; a pesar de ello, las hermanas siguen presentes en la vida de la residencia prestando su ayuda aquellos que lo necesitan. Palabras clave: Hijas de la Caridad, beneficencia, salud, enfermería, Casa de Amparo, Zaragoza, siglos XIX-XXI.. The congregation founded by Vicente de Paul and Luisa de Marillac has been linked to care and, because of their training and working method, they can be considered as pioneers of nursing care, since their objective has been and is to cover the basic needs of the person, a theory that Virginia Henderson would postulate in 1960. This paper aims to make known how the daughters of charity have been linked to health care since its inception and the social and health work that the Casa de Amparo has been providing in Zaragoza for almost 150 years. Since its inauguration on March 5, 1871, and thanks to the economic support of the City Council of Zaragoza, this Institution provides asylum and care for all older people who lack the necessary resources. From the first moment the daughters of the charity took care of it, who, without scarce resources or knowledge, took care of the asylees. With the passage of time, these cares have been evolving and professionalizing until, at present, they are being procured by specialized health personnel; In spite of this, the sisters are still present in the life of the residence, helping those who need it. Key words: Daughters of Charity, charity, health, nursing, Casa de Amparo, Zaragoza, 19th-21th centuries. (shrink)

This paper draws on the dialogs of Gayatri Spivak, Jacques Derrida, and Judith Butler to reconsider Marx’s contribution to an understanding of political agency and subjectivity. It suggests that through engaging with certain voices of Marx, there emerges a complex and dynamic understanding that allows for a thinking of subjectivity as produced through structural conditions in a way that both enables and limits agency. These insights allow us to imagine the transformative political agency of those subjects marginalized within the current (...) global order to engage in an emancipatory struggle marked by its openness and indeterminacy. (shrink)

The state of debates around the topic of `populism' has made clear the difficulties that exist to provide a coherent definition of the concept. There is much to be argued from historical, epistemological, comparative and sociological perspectives that may provide clarity to the uses of the term. As the world meets new scenarios of uncommon styles of doing politics and the themes of ideological polarization and social segregation take hold, the question about the value of `populism' as a theoretical tool (...) needs to be met with an affirmative stance that delineates its principal characteristics. The present text introduces the reader to four new perspectives that serve such a purpose and locates them among the relevant contemporary literature. (shrink)

There is an ongoing debate about the meaning of lexical words, i.e., words that contribute with content to the meaning of sentences. This debate has coincided with a renewal in the study of polysemy, which has taken place in the psycholinguistics camp mainly. There is already a fruitful interbreeding between two lines of research: the theoretical study of lexical word meaning, on the one hand, and the models of polysemy psycholinguists present, on the other. In this paper I aim at (...) deepening on this ongoing interbreeding, examine what is said about polysemy, particularly in the psycholinguistics literature, and then show how what we seem to know about the representation and storage of polysemous senses affects the models that we have about lexical word meaning. (shrink)

En este artículo tratamos sobre los aspectos empíricos y conceptuales en la Genética Mendeliana y analizamos los vínculos entre ellos. Primero discutimos las ventajas de una representación gráfica de las teorías empíricas; luego pormenorizamos la estructura conceptual de la genética; en seguida, esquematizamos su protocolo experimental, a continuación destacamos los engarces entre ambas representaciones y, por último, proporcionamos una caracterización holista de la práctica genética, donde el representar y el intervenir se encuentran entremezclados.In this article we deal with the conceptual (...) and empirical features of Mendelian Genetics, and analyze the links between them. First we discuss the advantages of portraying empirical theories as graphical representations. We then give a detailed account of the conceptual structure underlying Mendelian Genetics, followed by a schematization of the experimental protocol involved in this line of research. Links between both representations are highlighted. Finally, we provide a holistic characterization of Mendelian practice, where representing and intervening are intertwined. (shrink)

Teaching mathematics and improving mathematics competence are pending subjects within our educational system. The PEIM (Programa Evolutivo Instruccional para Matemáticas), a constructivist intervention program for the improvement of mathematical performance, affects the different agents involved in math learning, guaranteeing a significant improvement in students’ performance. The program is based on the following pillars: (a) students become the main agents of their learning by constructing their own knowledge; (b) the teacher must be the guide to facilitate and guarantee such a construction (...) by being a great connoisseur of the fundamental aspects of the development of the child’s mathematical thinking; (c) the mathematical contents must be sequenced in terms of the complexity and significance for the student as well as contextualized at all times; and (d) the classroom must have a constructivist climate highlighting cooperative work among students. The implementation of PEIM along with the empirical evaluation conducted in several centers in Madrid and Zaragoza (Spain) confirm how students improve their mathematical competence. Both first- and second-grade students in elementary education were far more effective in solving problems, highlighting the use of more advanced strategies in their resolution and a lower incidence of conceptual errors. Moreover, it was possible to verify how the students proving greater difficulty, experienced an evolution in learning similarly to those who did not present it. The program provides customized education to allow the teacher to know at all times how he should be more influential on the students’ learning through mathematical profiles. Both teaching practice and teachers were observed, being that of the experimental group more prone to analyzing processes and allowing the construction of knowledge by students, due to their psycho-developmental training. As a result, we found several improvements through the implementation of the program that may serve, for upcoming years, as a basis for the necessary changes in the teaching of mathematics. (shrink)

We agree with Heyes that an explanation of human uniqueness must appeal to cultural evolution, and not just genes. Her account, though, focuses narrowly on internal cognitive mechanisms. This causes her to mischaracterize human behavior and to overlook the role of material culture. A more powerful account would view cognitive gadgets as spanning organisms and their (shared) environments.

De maneira reconhecida ou não, a presença de Górgias, e suas teses, no corpus platônico transcende os limites da presença da personagem Górgias nos sete diálogos em que este é mencionado por Platão. Diante de uma influência multifacetada – que abarca desde questões relativas à linguagem, passando pela metafísica, política e estatuto da arte – faz-se necessário um recorte para melhor evidenciar a apropriação e reelaboração platônica do quadro conceitual gorgiano. A pretensão é fazer uma releitura de alguns momentos do (...) texto platônico por meio de um destaque às referências, diretas e indiretas, que nele estão contidas, tanto da sofística de um modo geral, como de Górgias de Leontinos de modo específico. A tese que se pretende defender é a de que as principais hipóteses teóricas apresentadas pelos sofistas, e por Górgias de modo proeminente, devem ser consideradas imprescindíveis para a construção da filosofia platônica – ainda que esta constitua-se como reação ou apropriação seletiva daquelas. Assim, a indústria platônica não se constitui apenas em desqualificar o edifício filosófico gorgiano, a fim de erguer suas teses sobre as ruínas deste, mas também utilizar alguns conceitos da empresa filosófica de Górgias como vigas-mestras da nova perspectiva reflexiva que o discípulo de Sócrates comprometeu-se a desenvolver. Palavras-chave: Górgias; Platão; Sofística; Platonismo; Discurso. (shrink)

now, there is a debate about the “nature” of the Renaissance French writer Michel de Montaigne’s skepticism that could be similar, in some way, to the Quarrel between the Ancient and the Modern. some authors believe that Montaigne was a completely innovative author, who would have broken completely with the ancient skeptical tradition. others, however, feel that he has made little changes in the skeptical arguments and that his role would be reduced to a mere transmitter of the ancient forgotten (...) thought. Faced with both interpretations, it would be our intention, first of all, to explain the relevance of the montanian skepticism, its importance in the work of the author, and second exposing traditional and innovative positions, make clear their limits. This try to conclude the “truly” skeptical nature the of montanian skepticism, innovative and traditional at the same time. In addition, it attempts to resist the classification of dogmatic theories, traditional or renewal, which would seek to impose their own systems rather than read the author in his own terms. (shrink)

This paper presents a logical Style painting classifier based on evaluated Horn clauses, qualitative colour descriptors and Explanations. Three versions of $\ell $-SHE are defined, using rational Pavelka logic, and expansions of Gödel logic and product logic with rational constants: RPL, $G$ and $\sqcap $, respectively. We introduce a fuzzy representation of the more representative colour traits for the Baroque, the Impressionism and the Post-Impressionism art styles. The $\ell $-SHE algorithm has been implemented in Swi-Prolog and tested on 90 paintings (...) of the QArt-Dataset and on 247 paintings of the Paintings-91-PIB dataset. The percentages of accuracy obtained in the QArt-Dataset for each $\ell $-SHE version are 73.3%, 65.6% $) and 68.9% $). Regarding the Paintings-91-PIB dataset, the percentages of accuracy obtained for each $\ell $-SHE version are 60.2%, 48.2% $) and 57.0% $). Our logic definition for the Baroque style has obtained the highest accuracy in both datasets, for all the $\ell $-SHE versions. An important feature of the classifier is that it provides reasons regarding why a painting belongs to a certain style. The classifier also provides reasons about why outliers of one art style may belong to another art style, giving a second classification option depending on its membership degrees to these styles. (shrink)

In this paper we introduce two issues relevantly related to the cognitive phenomenology debate, which, to our minds, have not been yet properly addressed: the relation between access and phenomenal consciousness in cognition and the relation between conscious thought and inner speech. In the first case, we ask for an explanation of how we have access to thought contents, and in the second case, an explanation of why is inner speech so pervasive in our conscious thinking. We discuss the prospects (...) of explanation for both sides of the debate and argue that cognitive phenomenology defenders are in an overall advantageous position. We also propose an account of inner speech that differs from other influential explanations in some interesting respects. (shrink)

En este artículo tratamos sobre los aspectos empíricos y conceptuales en la Genética Mendeliana y analizamos los vínculos entre ellos. Primero discutimos las ventajas de una representación gráfica de las teorías empíricas; luego pormenorizamos la estructura conceptual de la genécica; en seguida, esquematizamos su protocolo experimental, a continuación destacamos los engarces entre ambas representaciones y, por último, proporcionamos una caracterización holista de la práctica genética, donde el representar y el intervenir se encucntran entremezclados.In this article we deal with the conceptual (...) and empirical features of Mendelian Genetics, and analyze the links between them. First we discuss the challenges of portraying empirical theories as graphical representations. We then give a detailed account of the conceptual structure underlying Mendelian Genetics, followed by a schematization of the experimental protocol involved in this line of research. Links between both representations are highlighted. Finally, we provide a holistic characterization of Mendelian practice, where representing and intervening are intertwined. (shrink)

This paper presents a blueprint for an ecological cognitive architecture. Ecological psychology, I contend, must be complemented with a story about the role of the CNS in perception, action, and cognition. To arrive at such a story while staying true to the tenets of ecological psychology, it will be necessary to flesh out the central metaphor according to which the animal perceives its environment by ‘resonating’ to information in energy patterns: what is needed is a theory of resonance. I offer (...) here the two main elements of such a theory: a framework and a methodology. (shrink)

Following some of the main arguments Derrida develops in ‘White Mythology’, in this article I propose an unexplored dialogue between Derrida and Althusser considering the use and the place that each of them gives to metaphor in their philosophical strategies. I give special attention to some rather isolated passages of ‘Elements of Self-Criticism’ and ‘Lenin and Philosophy’, where Althusser, against all evidence, seems to be quite aware of the importance of metaphor and mataphorization in every philosophical practice. As Balibar has (...) argued, contrary to the metaphysical tradition, metaphor would not be the opposite but what anticipates the concept. In this sense, it is possible to observe how Althusser’s work has continuously put into practice – as the singular signature of his theoretical practice – something that I call the ‘detour of metaphor’ as a necessary ‘deviation’ for the production of new concepts. Without any evidence that Althusser may have known Derrida’s essay, I show how Althusser’s own theoretical work, one in which ‘metaphor’ as a philosophical theme appears to be rather anecdotic, is unexpectedly close to Derrida’s own positions concerning the margins of philosophy and its ‘outside’, the relation to the metaphysical tradition, and the importance of strategy in philosophy. (shrink)

One big challenge faced by cognitive science is the development of a unified theory that integrates disparate scales of analysis of cognitive phenomena. In this paper, I offer a unified framework that provides a way to integrate neural and behavioral scales of analysis of cognitive phenomena—typically addressed by neuroscience and experimental psychology, respectively. The framework is based on the concept of resonance originated in ecological psychology and aims to be the foundation for a unified theory for radical embodiment; that is, (...) a unified theory for that dissident part of cognitive science that shares a methodological commitment to dynamic systems theory and remains skeptical about the adequacy of mechanism and representationalism as the guiding ideas in the field. In the course of my presentation, I analyze different issues regarding the requirements and constraints unification poses to radical embodiment. (shrink)